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==National Railway System==
==National Railway System==
===National Railway Operator===
===National Railway Operator===
[http://www.vr.fi VR Oy (VR AB)]. VR was the official abbreviation of Valtionrautatiet (= State railway), but is now the company's full name.
[https://www.vr.fi VR Oy (VR AB)]. VR was the official abbreviation of Valtionrautatiet (= State railway), but is now the company's full name.


==Language==
==Language==
Line 18: Line 18:
===Journey Planner===
===Journey Planner===
[https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/long-distance_timetables Long-distance timetables]. For a journey ''now'' use “Timetable Search” at the top of the page; for a journey on a specific day/time use “Search Timetables” at the bottom of the page.
[https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/long-distance_timetables Long-distance timetables]. For a journey ''now'' use “Timetable Search” at the top of the page; for a journey on a specific day/time use “Search Timetables” at the bottom of the page.
===Actual Train Times===
*[https://junatkartalla.vr.fi/?lang=en-US A map showing the location of each train]
*[https://juliadata.fi/live A list of trains] This appears to be available only in Finnish


===Downloadable Timetable===
===Downloadable Timetable===
[https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/long-distance_timetables Long-distance timetables] : "Timetables date-date" gives a combined PDF of all long distance and regional services, using their long-established table numbers (as used in EGTRE), whereas "Timetables by route" leads to individual PDFs from a drop-down list of various routes or combinations of routes (table numbers are not given). A [https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/long-distance_service_network diagrammatic route map] is available for the long distance and regional network.  
The timetable PDFs for long distance and regional services are available only in the Finnish version of the website.
 
[https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/fi/juna-aikataulut Juna-aikataulut] : "Kaukoliikenteen aikataulut" gives a combined PDF of all long distance and regional services, using their long-established table numbers (as used in EGTRE), whereas "Asemakohtaiset aikataulut" leads to individual PDFs from a drop-down list of various routes or combinations of routes (table numbers are not given). A [https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/long-distance_service_network diagrammatic route map] is available for the long distance and regional network.  


[https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/commuter_service_timetables Helsinki suburban timetables] : "Route timetables" leads to PDFs of suburban routes from a drop-down list, whereas "Station timetables" leads to PDFs of station departure lists from a drop-down list. A [https://www.hsl.fi/sites/default/files/uploads/hsl_lahijunaliikennelinjat_a3_paino.pdf diagrammatic route map] is available for the Helsinki suburban network.
[https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/commuter_service_timetables Helsinki suburban timetables] : "Route timetables" leads to PDFs of suburban routes from a drop-down list, whereas "Station timetables" leads to PDFs of station departure lists from a drop-down list. A [https://www.hsl.fi/sites/default/files/uploads/hsl_lahijunaliikennelinjat_a3_paino.pdf diagrammatic route map] is available for the Helsinki suburban network.
Line 30: Line 36:


===Engineering Information===
===Engineering Information===
[https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/track_work Track Work].  
[https://www.vr.fi/cs/vr/en/track_work Track Work].


==Maps==
==Maps==
Line 37: Line 43:
*[http://www.europeanrailwayatlas.com European Railway Atlas] by M.G. Ball (2008 onwards)
*[http://www.europeanrailwayatlas.com European Railway Atlas] by M.G. Ball (2008 onwards)
*Railways are depicted well in GT Tiekartasto Suomi-Finland, a road atlas with maps at 1:200,000 (1:400,000 north of Oulo).
*Railways are depicted well in GT Tiekartasto Suomi-Finland, a road atlas with maps at 1:200,000 (1:400,000 north of Oulo).
* Jussi Mäkinen's Järnvägshistorisk generalkarta över Finland, a railway map showing both current and historical lines in Finland, is available from [https://www.stenvalls.com/jarnvagar-railways/bocker/kartor/jarnvagshistorisk-generalkarta-over-finland Stenvalls bookshop] and also the Railway Museum in Hyvinkää.


===Web-based Maps===
===Web-based Maps===
Line 42: Line 49:


==Ticketing==
==Ticketing==
Very few stations have open ticket offices, the majority rely totally on ticket machines which have an English option and are straightforward to use. When purchasing for InterCity and Pendolino journeys, the machines automatically include a Reservation in the price and allocated seat details are displayed on the ticket. Outwith the Helsinki suburban area, tickets can also be bought on the train: on Regional trains on rural lines from on board machines where there are no guards, or on main lines from on board staff. However, such purchases will be at a slightly higher fare than from station machines. On some trains, carriages in which tickets cannot be purchased are indicated  by prominent signs on the outside. In the Helsinki suburban area, tickets must be purchased (or held) before boarding trains. Advance on-line purchases offer substantial discounts for printed or phone-based tickets - again including seat Reservations. It is not compulsory to have a reserved seat to board an IC or Pendelino train (for example, if using an InterRail ticket) but as seats are not physically marked as reserved you may be asked to move by a passenger holding a reservation.
Very few stations have open ticket offices, the majority rely totally on ticket machines which have an English option and are straightforward to use. When purchasing for InterCity and Pendolino journeys, the machines automatically include a Reservation in the price and allocated seat details are displayed on the ticket. Advance on-line purchases offer substantial discounts for printed or phone-based tickets - again including seat Reservations. It is not compulsory to have a reserved seat to board an IC or Pendelino train (for example, if using an InterRail ticket) but as seats are not physically marked as reserved you may be asked to move by a passenger holding a reservation.


A penalty fare system operates - a penalty [€80 in 2017] is charged in addition to the fare if inspected and found without a valid ticket.
Within the Helsinki suburban area, tickets must be purchased (or held) before boarding trains. Outside this area, tickets can also be bought on the train: on Regional trains on rural lines from on board machines where there are no guards, or on main lines from on board staff. However, such purchases will be at a slightly higher fare than from station machines. Cash is no longer accepted as payment; long distance tickets can be purchased from train conductors and railbus vending machines only with payment cards. On some trains, carriages in which tickets cannot be purchased are indicated  by prominent signs on the outside. A penalty fare system operates - a substantial penalty is charged in addition to the fare if a passenger is found without a valid ticket.


==Infrastructure==
==Infrastructure==
===Infrastructure Authority===
===Infrastructure Authority===
Ratahallintokeskus (in Swedish, Banförvaltningscentralen) was responsible for infrastructure but in early 2010 was merged with the Roads agency into [http://www.liikennevirasto.fi/web/en/ Liikennevirasto] (in Swedish, Trafikverket), the Finnish Transport Agency.
Ratahallintokeskus (in Swedish, Banförvaltningscentralen) was responsible for infrastructure but in early 2010 was merged with the Roads agency into Liikennevirasto (in Swedish, Trafikverket), the Finnish Transport Agency.
This was renamed and reorganised on 1 January 2019 into [https://vayla.fi/web/en Väylävirasto], the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency.


===Network Statement===
===Network Statement===
Line 54: Line 62:


===Gauge===
===Gauge===
1524 mm. There are 1435 mm gauge lines at Turku, Uusikaupunki, and Hanko, which were used in connection with the train ferries there. None of these lines is now in operation as the last train ferry, at Turku, closed 31 December 2011.
1524 mm. There are 1435 mm gauge lines at Turku, Uusikaupunki, and Hanko, which were used in connection with the train ferries there. None of these lines is now in operation as the last train ferry, at Turku, closed 31 December 2011. Helsinki Metro is 1522 mm gauge and the Helsinki tram system and Jokeri Light Rail line is 1000 mm gauge. The Tampere Tramway has been laid to standard gauge.


===Electrification===
===Electrification===
Line 78: Line 86:
An annual listing is produced by ''Resiina'' magazine and the Heritage Railway Association of Finland, and available at the [http://heritagetrains.fi Heritage Trains] web page. This list includes specials operated over other VR lines in summer by preservation societies.
An annual listing is produced by ''Resiina'' magazine and the Heritage Railway Association of Finland, and available at the [http://heritagetrains.fi Heritage Trains] web page. This list includes specials operated over other VR lines in summer by preservation societies.


There is a listing of Finnish railway museums at the [http://www.scanrailsoc.org.uk/fin_guide.html Scandinavian Railways Society] website.  
There is a listing of Finnish railway museums at the [https://www.scanrailsoc.org.uk/fin_guide.html Scandinavian Railways Society] website. Plus a guide to [https://www.scanrailsoc.org.uk/ngr_finland.html Finnish Narrow Gauge] tourist lines


Rail cycling is available between [http://www.pomarkku.fi/elamysrautatie/  Pori and Kankaanpää].
Rail cycling is available between [http://www.pomarkku.fi/elamysrautatie/  Pori and Kankaanpää].
Line 84: Line 92:
==Metro==
==Metro==


[https://www.hsl.fi/en/timetables-and-routes Helsinki].  A 14 km  westward extension to Matinkylä - which had been due to open in August 2016 - is now expected to open in September 2017 (follow their [https://www.hsl.fi/en/WestMetro webpage] for latest information).
[https://www.hsl.fi/en/timetables-and-routes Helsinki].


==Trams==
== Trams/LRT-Systems ==
[https://www.hsl.fi/en/timetables-and-routes/routemaps Helsinki]. There were significant changes to some routes from 14 August 2017 - see details [https://www.hsl.fi/en/new-tram-routes-2017/new-routes-and-maps here].
[https://www.hsl.fi/en/timetables-and-routes/routemaps Helsinki]. There were significant changes to some routes from 14 August 2017 - see details [https://www.hsl.fi/en/new-tram-routes-2017/new-routes-and-maps here].


A track plan for the Helsinki tram system is available on the [http://www.gleisplanweb.eu/index-e.php Gleisplanweb site].
The 18 km first phase of the standard gauge [https://www.tampereenratikka.fi/en/etusivu-maanantai/ Tampere Tramway] is due to open on 9 August 2021.
 
The 25 km <i>Raide-Jokeri</i> [https://raidejokeri.info/en/ Jokeri Light Rail] line between Itäkeskus, in eastern Helsinki, and Keilaniemi, in Espoo, is under construction.
 
Track planw for the Helsinki tram system and the Jokeri Light Rail system are available on the [https://gleisplanweb.eu/Map-e.php?Map=Helsinki Gleisplanweb] site.


See also [[Finland_-_Tram_services_over_obscure_routes|Finland - Tram services over obscure routes]]
See also [[Finland_-_Tram_services_over_obscure_routes|Finland - Tram services over obscure routes]]


==Recent and Future Changes==
==Recent and Future Changes==
Following four sections of line were scheduled to close from 27 March 2016. However, the Ministry of Transport postponed the closures pending decisions on the possible opening up the passenger rail sector to competition, so the lines remain open until further notice (they are shown in the timetables operating until December 2017):
The Network Statement states that the Seinäjoki - Kaskinen line will be maintained only until 31 December 2022, so it will presumably close after this date.


The government and relevant local authorities have established companies to plan two major projects and granted €40m to cover the costs of planning:
* Work on the design of the Turun Tunnin Juna Oy (One Hour Train) project, a 95km high speed line between Espoo (west of Helsinki) and Salo (east of Turku) and double-tracking Salo – Turku, was approved in December 2020. It is planned to come into operation in early 2030.
* Finnish Rail will develop plans for new alignments and additional tracks to provide a 1 hour journey time between Helsinki and Tampere via Helsinki Airport. This appears to be an enhancement to the 2019 project to develop a Riihimäki – Tampere high speed line.
<!--- In March 2018 Finland and Norway chose Rovaniemi to Kirkenes (near the Russian border) as the best route for the potential Arctic rail link from northern Finland to the Barents Sea coast. Further studies will now take place, to be completed in December 2018.--->
Four sections of line were scheduled to close from 27 March 2016 but the Ministry of Transport postponed the closures pending decisions on the possible opening up the passenger rail sector to competition, so the lines remain open until further notice:
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| 11
| 11
| Orivesi - Haapamäki  
| Orivesi - Haapamäki  
|-
| 11
| Jyväskylä – Haapamäki – Seinäjoki
|-
|-
| 14  
| 14  
| Joensuu – Nurmes
| Joensuu – Nurmes
|-
|-
| 17 (part)
| 17
| Joensuu - Viinijärvi - Varkaus
| Joensuu - Viinijärvi - Varkaus
|-
| 17 (part)
| Jyväskylä – Haapamäki – Seinäjoki
|}
|}
A 14 km westward extension of the Helsinki Metro to Matinkylä opened on 18 November 2017 (see their [https://www.hsl.fi/en/west-metro/metro webpage]). A Further westward extension to Kivenlahti is under construction with planned opening in 2023.


The line north from Seinojaki to Oulu is being doubled with parts in use by 2017. The freight line to the Russian border at Vartius and others to Pietarsaar and Talvivaara have been electrified, and Jyväskylä - Äänekoski was being electrified in 2016.  
The line north from Seinojaki to Oulu is being doubled with parts in use by 2017. The freight line to the Russian border at Vartius and others to Pietarsaar and Talvivaara have been electrified, and Jyväskylä - Äänekoski was being electrified in 2016.  


Following the signing in January 2016 of the Finnish-Estonian Transport Link memorandum of understanding, two consortia were appointed in February 2017 to study the feasibility of the FinEst Link proposal to build a 92 km under-sea tunnel between Helsinki and Tallinn.
The FinEst Link project to build a 92 km under-sea tunnel between Helsinki and Tallinn, originally projected to open in December 2024, has been delayed by up to six years after the Helsinki-Uusimaa regional council voted to route the line under the capital rather than direct to Helsinki Airport.


The 18 km Helsinki ''Kehärata'' Ring Line (Vantaankoski - Helsinki-Vantaa Airport - Hiekkaharju) opened on 1 July 2015 (see routes I and P on [https://www.hsl.fi/sites/default/files/uploads/hsl_lahijunaliikennelinjat_a3_paino.pdf schematic route plan]).
The 18 km Helsinki ''Kehärata'' Ring Line (Vantaankoski - Helsinki-Vantaa Airport - Hiekkaharju) opened on 1 July 2015 (see routes I and P on [https://www.hsl.fi/sites/default/files/uploads/hsl_lahijunaliikennelinjat_a3_paino.pdf schematic route plan]).
Line 119: Line 139:


''Allegro'' high-speed trainsets  were introduced in December 2010 on the two daytime services between Helsinki and St Petersburg, cutting the journey time from six to 3½ hours.
''Allegro'' high-speed trainsets  were introduced in December 2010 on the two daytime services between Helsinki and St Petersburg, cutting the journey time from six to 3½ hours.
The Kemijärvi - Kelloselka line closed after the last freight ran on 28 July 2010.


A new 19 km freight-only line from Savio, south of Kerava on the main Helsinki-Tampere line, to the harbour at Vuosaari in eastern Helsinki, started operating in November 2008.
A new 19 km freight-only line from Savio, south of Kerava on the main Helsinki-Tampere line, to the harbour at Vuosaari in eastern Helsinki, started operating in November 2008.

Revision as of 14:31, 15 January 2021

Country Name

Finland (Suomi)

National Railway System

National Railway Operator

VR Oy (VR AB). VR was the official abbreviation of Valtionrautatiet (= State railway), but is now the company's full name.

Language

Finnish and Swedish are both official languages of Finland. Swedish is the first language of only 6% of the population, who live mainly in the south and west. Many public notices and signs are in both languages. In towns where the Swedish place name is used, the Finnish version is almost always shown as well.

Currency

Euro

UIC code

numeric 10; alpha FIN. This is shown on all new vehicles and is slowly being added onto existing VR rolling stock which was previously not numbered according to the UIC system.

Timetable

Journey Planner

Long-distance timetables. For a journey now use “Timetable Search” at the top of the page; for a journey on a specific day/time use “Search Timetables” at the bottom of the page.

Actual Train Times

Downloadable Timetable

The timetable PDFs for long distance and regional services are available only in the Finnish version of the website.

Juna-aikataulut : "Kaukoliikenteen aikataulut" gives a combined PDF of all long distance and regional services, using their long-established table numbers (as used in EGTRE), whereas "Asemakohtaiset aikataulut" leads to individual PDFs from a drop-down list of various routes or combinations of routes (table numbers are not given). A diagrammatic route map is available for the long distance and regional network.

Helsinki suburban timetables : "Route timetables" leads to PDFs of suburban routes from a drop-down list, whereas "Station timetables" leads to PDFs of station departure lists from a drop-down list. A diagrammatic route map is available for the Helsinki suburban network.

Working timetable information, in graphical format, is available through the Julia website - go to this page, select the required route section from the drop-down box, insert required date, and press the green Hae button.

Printed Timetable

Pocket size timetables for other than suburban services are available at main stations but printed system timetables are no longer published.

Engineering Information

Track Work.

Maps

Printed Maps

  • European Railway Atlas: Scandinavia and Eastern Europe by M.G. Ball (1993) (ISBN 0-7110-2072-4)
  • European Railway Atlas by M.G. Ball (2008 onwards)
  • Railways are depicted well in GT Tiekartasto Suomi-Finland, a road atlas with maps at 1:200,000 (1:400,000 north of Oulo).
  • Jussi Mäkinen's Järnvägshistorisk generalkarta över Finland, a railway map showing both current and historical lines in Finland, is available from Stenvalls bookshop and also the Railway Museum in Hyvinkää.

Web-based Maps

Ticketing

Very few stations have open ticket offices, the majority rely totally on ticket machines which have an English option and are straightforward to use. When purchasing for InterCity and Pendolino journeys, the machines automatically include a Reservation in the price and allocated seat details are displayed on the ticket. Advance on-line purchases offer substantial discounts for printed or phone-based tickets - again including seat Reservations. It is not compulsory to have a reserved seat to board an IC or Pendelino train (for example, if using an InterRail ticket) but as seats are not physically marked as reserved you may be asked to move by a passenger holding a reservation.

Within the Helsinki suburban area, tickets must be purchased (or held) before boarding trains. Outside this area, tickets can also be bought on the train: on Regional trains on rural lines from on board machines where there are no guards, or on main lines from on board staff. However, such purchases will be at a slightly higher fare than from station machines. Cash is no longer accepted as payment; long distance tickets can be purchased from train conductors and railbus vending machines only with payment cards. On some trains, carriages in which tickets cannot be purchased are indicated by prominent signs on the outside. A penalty fare system operates - a substantial penalty is charged in addition to the fare if a passenger is found without a valid ticket.

Infrastructure

Infrastructure Authority

Ratahallintokeskus (in Swedish, Banförvaltningscentralen) was responsible for infrastructure but in early 2010 was merged with the Roads agency into Liikennevirasto (in Swedish, Trafikverket), the Finnish Transport Agency. This was renamed and reorganised on 1 January 2019 into Väylävirasto, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency.

Network Statement

Finnish Railway Network Statement.

Gauge

1524 mm. There are 1435 mm gauge lines at Turku, Uusikaupunki, and Hanko, which were used in connection with the train ferries there. None of these lines is now in operation as the last train ferry, at Turku, closed 31 December 2011. Helsinki Metro is 1522 mm gauge and the Helsinki tram system and Jokeri Light Rail line is 1000 mm gauge. The Tampere Tramway has been laid to standard gauge.

Electrification

25kV 50Hz

Rule of the Road

Right hand running but most of the network is single-tracked, while the Helsinki Airport Loop is left hand running. Double track lines are mostly equipped with bidirectional signalling. Unusually, on four-track lines the directions are ↓↑↑↓ - i.e. the right hand pair of lines is left-handed. From Pasila to Kerava the tracks are southbound fast; northbound fast; northbound local; southbound local. Similarly on the coast line (Pasila - Leppävaara): eastbound fast; westbound fast; westbound local; eastbound local.

Distances

The Network Statement (see Network Statement) gives overall distances for each section (Appendix 1) and detailed distances for each station from Helsinki in alphabetical order (Appendix 2).

Distances for current operational locations are shown on the graphical working timetables available through the Julia website - go to this page, select the required route from the drop down list (the date box is immaterial) and press the green Hae button. The milepost distances (in km) are down the left axis of the graph. Bear in mind that - in consequence of route relocations around the system - there are various short and long kms so the milepost distance may not represent today's actual travel distance.

Other Railways

Karhulan - Sunnilan rautatie (a freight line near Kotka)

Tourist Lines

  • Jokioisten Museorautatie: Humppila - Jokioinen (750 mm gauge)
  • Nykarleby Jernvag: from Kovjoki, along 2 km of the trackbed of the former VR Uusikaarlepyy branch (600 mm gauge).
  • Porvoon Museorautatie is responsible for the line between Olli and Porvoo; they operate diesel railcar excursions through from Kerava and Helsinki on summer weekends (1524 mm gauge).
  • Steamrail – Höyryraide Ay operate occasional steam excursions from Nurmes (1524 mm gauge).

An annual listing is produced by Resiina magazine and the Heritage Railway Association of Finland, and available at the Heritage Trains web page. This list includes specials operated over other VR lines in summer by preservation societies.

There is a listing of Finnish railway museums at the Scandinavian Railways Society website. Plus a guide to Finnish Narrow Gauge tourist lines

Rail cycling is available between Pori and Kankaanpää.

Metro

Helsinki.

Trams/LRT-Systems

Helsinki. There were significant changes to some routes from 14 August 2017 - see details here.

The 18 km first phase of the standard gauge Tampere Tramway is due to open on 9 August 2021.

The 25 km Raide-Jokeri Jokeri Light Rail line between Itäkeskus, in eastern Helsinki, and Keilaniemi, in Espoo, is under construction.

Track planw for the Helsinki tram system and the Jokeri Light Rail system are available on the Gleisplanweb site.

See also Finland - Tram services over obscure routes

Recent and Future Changes

The Network Statement states that the Seinäjoki - Kaskinen line will be maintained only until 31 December 2022, so it will presumably close after this date.

The government and relevant local authorities have established companies to plan two major projects and granted €40m to cover the costs of planning:

  • Work on the design of the Turun Tunnin Juna Oy (One Hour Train) project, a 95km high speed line between Espoo (west of Helsinki) and Salo (east of Turku) and double-tracking Salo – Turku, was approved in December 2020. It is planned to come into operation in early 2030.
  • Finnish Rail will develop plans for new alignments and additional tracks to provide a 1 hour journey time between Helsinki and Tampere via Helsinki Airport. This appears to be an enhancement to the 2019 project to develop a Riihimäki – Tampere high speed line.

Four sections of line were scheduled to close from 27 March 2016 but the Ministry of Transport postponed the closures pending decisions on the possible opening up the passenger rail sector to competition, so the lines remain open until further notice:

11 Orivesi - Haapamäki
11 Jyväskylä – Haapamäki – Seinäjoki
14 Joensuu – Nurmes
17 Joensuu - Viinijärvi - Varkaus

A 14 km westward extension of the Helsinki Metro to Matinkylä opened on 18 November 2017 (see their webpage). A Further westward extension to Kivenlahti is under construction with planned opening in 2023.

The line north from Seinojaki to Oulu is being doubled with parts in use by 2017. The freight line to the Russian border at Vartius and others to Pietarsaar and Talvivaara have been electrified, and Jyväskylä - Äänekoski was being electrified in 2016.

The FinEst Link project to build a 92 km under-sea tunnel between Helsinki and Tallinn, originally projected to open in December 2024, has been delayed by up to six years after the Helsinki-Uusimaa regional council voted to route the line under the capital rather than direct to Helsinki Airport.

The 18 km Helsinki Kehärata Ring Line (Vantaankoski - Helsinki-Vantaa Airport - Hiekkaharju) opened on 1 July 2015 (see routes I and P on schematic route plan).

The last train ferry connecting with Sweden, between Turku and Stockholm Värtan, closed on 31 December 2011.

Allegro high-speed trainsets were introduced in December 2010 on the two daytime services between Helsinki and St Petersburg, cutting the journey time from six to 3½ hours.

The Kemijärvi - Kelloselka line closed after the last freight ran on 28 July 2010.

A new 19 km freight-only line from Savio, south of Kerava on the main Helsinki-Tampere line, to the harbour at Vuosaari in eastern Helsinki, started operating in November 2008.

A high speed line from Kerava to Lahti - a short cut from Helsinki towards the east and St Petersburg - opened to passengers on 3 September 2006.

Electrification from Oulu to Rovaniemi was completed in December 2004 and from Iisalmi to Oulu in December 2006.

Extensive work has been carried out on the main line between Helsinki and Tampere, a major new alignment at Lempääla coming into use in 2002.

The Pönttövuori tunnel, between Jyväskylä and Lievestuore, came into use in 1995 in connection with electrification from Jyväskylä to Pieksämäki.

Special notes

The spelling of proper names in Finnish varies according to grammatical case. The name of the Finnish capital is Helsinki, but this appears as Helsingistä (from Helsinki), Helsinkiin (to Helsinki), Helsingin (Helsinki's) and in Helsingissä (in Helsinki), as well as Helsingfors in Swedish. Many towns have names in both Finnish and Swedish, eg: Oulu - Uleåborg, Pori - Bjorneborg, Tampere - Tammerfors

Long distance trains also include special areas to be used by those travelling with dogs or other animals. IC and IC2 trains have compartments for passengers suffering from allergies. All parts of Pendolino trains are stated to be designed for passengers with allergies, except for the carriage where animals are permitted.


See also