Finland - General Information

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Revision as of 18:38, 27 May 2017 by Richard Maund (talk | contribs) (→‎Recent and Future Changes: threatened lines in t.t. until Dec 2017)
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Country Name

Finland (Suomi)

National Railway System

National Railway Operator

VR Oy (VR AB). VR was the official abbreviation of Valtionrautatiet (= State railway), but is now the company's full name.

Language

Finnish and Swedish are both official languages of Finland. Swedish is the first language of only 6% of the population, who live mainly in the south and west. Many public notices and signs are in both languages. In towns where the Swedish place name is used, the Finnish version is almost always shown as well.

Currency

Euro

UIC code

numeric 10; alpha FIN. This is shown on all new vehicles and is slowly being added onto existing VR rolling stock which was previously not numbered according to the UIC system.

Timetable

Journey Planner

Long-distance timetables. For a journey now use “Timetable Search” at the top of the page; for a journey on a specific day/time use “Search Timetables” at the bottom of the page.

Downloadable Timetable

Long-distance timetables - "Timetables date-date" are given under their long-established table number prefixes, "Timetables by route" are pdfs for various collections of routes. A diagrammatic route map is available for the Long-distance Service Network.

Helsinki suburban services, where there are station departure lists in PDF format, but not full timetables. A diagrammatic route map is available for the Helsinki suburban network.

Printed Timetable

Pocket size timetables may be available at main stations but printed system timetables appear no longer to be published.

Engineering Information

Track Work.

Maps

Printed Maps

  • European Railway Atlas: Scandinavia and Eastern Europe by M.G. Ball (1993) (ISBN 0-7110-2072-4)
  • European Railway Atlas by M.G. Ball (2008 onwards)
  • Railways are depicted well in GT Tiekartasto Suomi-Finland, a road atlas with maps at 1:200,000 (1:400,000 north of Oulo).

Web-based Maps

Ticketing

Very few stations have open ticket offices, the majority rely totally on ticket machines which have an English option and are straightforward to use. When purchasing for IC and Pendolino's the machines automatically include a Reservation in the price and allocated seat details are displayed on the ticket. Tickets can also be bought on the train, on rural lines through on board machines as there are no guards, or from on board staff on main lines, but these will be at a slightly higher fare from station machines. In advance on line purchases offer substantial discounts for printed or phone based tickets, again including seat Reservations. Note it is not Compulsory to have a Reserved seat to board an IC or Pendelino train if for example using an InterRail, but as seats are not marked as Reserved you may be asked to move.

A penalty fare system operates [€80 in 2016] on Helsinki suburban trains and on other services if Inspected and without a valid ticket. Some trains indicate Carriages in which tickets cannot be purchased by prominent signs on the outside.

Infrastructure

Infrastructure Authority

Ratahallintokeskus (in Swedish, Banförvaltningscentralen) was responsible for infrastructure but in early 2010 was merged with the Roads agency into Liikennevirasto (in Swedish, Trafikverket), the Finnish Transport Agency.

Network Statement

Finnish Railway Network Statement.

Gauge

1524 mm. There are 1435 mm gauge lines at Turku, Uusikaupunki, and Hanko, which were used in connection with the train ferries there. None of these lines is now in operation as the last train ferry, at Turku, closed 31 December 2011.

Electrification

25kV 50Hz

Rule of the Road

Right but most of the network is single-tracked and the Helsinki Airport Loop is left hand running. Double track lines are mostly equipped with bidirectional signaling. Unusually, on four-track lines the directions are ↓↑↑↓ - i.e. the right hand pair of lines is left-handed. From Pasila to Kerava the tracks are southbound fast; northbound fast; northbound local; southbound local. Similarly on the coast line (Pasila - Leppävaara): eastbound fast; westbound fast; westbound local - eastbound local.

Distances

The Network Statement (see Network Statement) gives overall distances for each section (Appendix 1) and detailed distances for each station from Helsinki in alphabetical order (Appendix 2).

Other Railways

Karhulan - Sunnilan rautatie (a freight line near Kotka)

Tourist Lines

  • Jokioisten Museorautatie: Humppila - Jokioinen (750 mm gauge)
  • Nykarleby Jernvag: from Kovjoki, along 2 km of the trackbed of the former VR Uusikaarlepyy branch (600 mm gauge).
  • Porvoon Museorautatie is responsible for the line between Olli and Porvoon keskusta; they operate diesel railcar excursions through from Kerava and Helsinki on summer weekends (1524 mm gauge).
  • Steamrail – Höyryraide Ay operate occasional steam excursions from Nurmes (1524 mm gauge).

There is a listing of Finnish railway museums at the Scandinavian Railways Society website. Rail cycling is available between Pori and Kankaanpää.

Metro

Helsinki. A 14 km westward extension to Matinkylä was due to open in August 2016 but is delayed (follow their webpage for latest information).

Trams

Helsinki.

A track plan for the Helsinki tram system is available on the Gleisplanweb site.

See also Finland - Tram services over obscure routes

Recent and Future Changes

Following four sections of line were scheduled to close from 27 March 2016. However, the Ministry of Transport postponed the closures in connection with opening up the rail sector to competition, and the lines remain open in the timetables operating until December 2017:

11 Orivesi - Haapamäki
14 Joensuu – Nurmes
17 (part) Joensuu - Viinijärvi - Varkaus
17 (part) Jyväskylä – Haapamäki – Seinäjoki

The line north from Seinojaki to Oulu is being doubled with parts in use by 2017. The freight line to the Russian border at Vartius and others to Pietarsaar and Talvivaara have been electrified, and Jyväskylä - Äänekoski was being electrified in 2016.

Following the signing in January 2016 of the Finnish-Estonian Transport Link memorandum of understanding, two consortia were appointed in February 2017 to study the feasibility of the FinEst Link proposal to build a 92 km under-sea tunnel between Helsinki and Tallinn.

The 18 km Helsinki Kehärata Ring Line (Vantaankoski - Helsinki-Vantaa Airport - Hiekkaharju) opened on 1 July 2015 (see routes I and P on schematic route plan).

The last train ferry connecting with Sweden, between Turku and Stockholm Värtan, closed on 31 December 2011.

Allegro high-speed trainsets were introduced in December 2010 on the two daytime services between Helsinki and St Petersburg, cutting the journey time from six to 3½ hours.

A new 19 km freight-only line from Savio, south of Kerava on the main Helsinki-Tampere line, to the harbour at Vuosaari in eastern Helsinki, started operating in November 2008.

A high speed line from Kerava to Lahti - a short cut from Helsinki towards the east and St Petersburg - opened to passengers on 3 September 2006.

Electrification from Oulu to Rovaniemi was completed in December 2004 and from Iisalmi to Oulu in December 2006.

Extensive work has been carried out on the main line between Helsinki and Tampere, a major new alignment at Lempääla coming into use in 2002.

The Pönttövuori tunnel, between Jyväskylä and Lievestuore, came into use in 1995 in connection with electrification from Jyväskylä to Pieksämäki.

Special notes

The spelling of proper names in Finnish varies according to grammatical case. The name of the Finnish capital is Helsinki, but this appears as Helsingistä (from Helsinki), Helsinkiin (to Helsinki), Helsingin (Helsinki's) and in Helsingissä (in Helsinki), as well as Helsingfors in Swedish. Many towns have names in both Finnish and Swedish, eg: Oulu - Uleåborg, Pori - Bjorneborg, Tampere - Tammerfors etc.

Long distance trains also include special areas to be used by those travelling with dogs or other animals. IC and IC2 trains have compartments for passengers suffering from allergies. All parts of Pendolino trains are stated to be designed for passengers with allergies, except for the carriage where animals are permitted.

The following lines are closed to all traffic:

  • Aittaluoto - Parkano
  • Kihniö – Haapamäki
  • Pesiökylä – Taivalkoski
  • Kolari – Äkäsjoki
  • Niesa – Rautuvaara
  • Kiukainen – Säkylä

See also